Economics A-Level: Key A2 Macroeconomics Diagrams

What is the difference between a substitute and a compliment good or service?

A substitute good is when the demand of good X rises as the price of good Y rises. Think of coke and pepsi. A compliment good is when the demand of good X rises as the price of good Y falls. Think of cars and petrol. That's all 😁

Which type of firm faces the most competition and why? Is this good for economic efficiency?

Technically, firms in 'perfect competition' have the most amount of competition because the goods are identical and there are zero barriers to entry or exit. in the real world, that doesn't really exist. Monopolistic competition would have the most amount of competition. These are firms that have low barriers to entry, like the local corner shop. You need to define efficiency before you can answer whether competition is good for economic efficiency. So the answer will always be it depends on what you mean by efficiency. Competition is generally good for prices but too much of it can be bad for innovation. At the same time, zero competition can also be bad for innovation and prices.

Are there any countries that have a deflation rate?

Yes! Mali for example had an economy that shrank This is an inflation rate of -0.46%, or a 'deflation rate'.

What is the difference between the short run and the long run in economics?

The long run is when at least one of the factors of production is variable. In the short run all factors are fixed 😀

How is a current account linked to injections?

The current account is largely made up of trade balance ( Exports - imports). Remember exports are an injection and imports are a withdrawal or a leakage. Thus when a countries current account is in deficit the net trade is negative thus acts as a withdrawal to the circular flow of income, however that isn’t to say there’s a decrease in AD as other factors such as overall consumption will be at play, hope this helps.

What are the exports and imports for asset income (a component of the current account)?

The equalization of the present record lets us know whether a nation has a deficiency or an overflow. In the event that there is a deficiency, does that mean the economy is powerless? Does a surplus consequently imply that the economy is solid? Not really. Yet, to comprehend the noteworthiness of this piece of the BOP, we should begin by taking a gander at the parts of the present record: products, administrations, pay and currency exchanges. 1. Merchandise - These are mobile and physical in nature, and for an exchange to be recorded under "goods," a difference in possession from/to an inhabitant (of the neighborhood nation) to/from a non-occupant (in a remote nation) needs to happen. Portable products incorporate general stock, merchandise utilized for handling different merchandise, and non-money related gold. A fare is set apart as a credit (cash coming in), and an import is noted as a charge (cash going out). 2. Administrations - These exchanges result from an elusive activity, for example, transportation, business administrations, tourism, sovereignties or permitting. On the off chance that cash is being paid for an administration, it is recorded like an import (a charge), and if cash is gotten, it is recorded like a fare (credit). 3. Salary - Pay is cash going in (credit) or out (charge) of a nation from compensations, portfolio ventures (as profits, for instance), coordinate speculations or some other kind of venture. Together, merchandise, administrations, and salary furnish an economy with fuel to work. This implies things under these classes are genuine assets that are exchanged to and from a nation for the financial generation. 4. Current Exchanges - Current exchanges are one-sided exchanges with nothing got in kind. These incorporate workers' settlements, gifts, helps and gives, official help and benefits. Because of their temperament, current exchanges are not viewed as genuine assets that influence the financial generation. Since we have secured the four fundamental parts, we have to take a gander at the scientific condition that enables us to decide if the present record is in deficiency or excess (regardless of whether it has more credit or charge). This will enable us to comprehend where any disparities may originate from, and how assets might be rebuilt with the end goal to take into consideration a superior working economy.