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Although this question is marked as general, I assume you mean this question in the context of computer programming. 

A stack, in this context, is the last in, first out buffer you place data while your program runs. Last in, first out (LIFO) means that the last thing you put in is always the first thing you get back out. Adding an item to the stack is called pushing, taking an item from the stack is called popping. If you push 2 items on the stack, 'A' and then 'B', then the first thing you pop off the stack will be 'B', and the next thing is 'A'. Think of a stack of plates. If you add a plate to the stack, it is at the bottom. If you add a second plate it is at the top. You must first remove (pop) the second plate in order to pop the first one. 

When you call a function in your code, the next instruction after the function call is stored on the stack, and any storage space that might be overwritten by the function call. The function you call might use up more stack for its own local variables. When it's done, it frees up the local variable stack space it used, then returns to the previous function.

A stack overflow is when you've used up more memory for the stack than your program was supposed to use. 

Many programmers make this mistake by calling function A that then calls function B, that then calls function C, that then calls function A. It might work most of the time, but just once the wrong input will cause it to go in that circle forever until the computer recognizes that the stack is overblown.

Recursive functions are also a cause for this, but if you're writing recursively (ie, your function calls itself) then you need to be aware of this and use static/global variables to prevent infinite recursion.

You should look at your call graph (a tree structure that shows from your main method what each function calls) to see how deep your function calls go, and to detect cycles and recursion that are not intended.

This answer was adapted from an answer here (from a website called stackoverflow!):
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26158/how-does-a-stack-overflow-occur-and-how-do-you-prevent-it

Computer Science

What is a stack overflow?

Let's first expand the brackets.

4 + 8x + 4(2x+1)

Multiply the four by everything inside the brackets

4 + 8x + (8x + 4)

Let's get rid of the brackets, make it easier to read

4 + 8x + 8x + 4

Now we have two different pairs we can add together!

8x + 8x + 4 + 4

The result is
16x + 8

Maths

4+8x+4(2x+1)

I'll be very honest here: usually not much, but it really depends on your experience. The most and best you can get is a part time role, as you are still studying and need to manage your studies. Remember, at year 12-13 you still have your life ahead of you so trust me when I say do not rush to find yourself a job. In fact, this may the best time for you to up skill yourself. Go on udemy.com, find super affordable courses in technologies you want to learn and pick those skills up. Use them to build small projects as well to build a portfolio. By the time you get into uni, you'll be skilled enough to immediately pick up a part time job since you'll be experienced and you'll have a set of skills you're good at and you'll have proof of it. 

You can probably take on minor projects for friends and family though to start with! You can build simple static websites, for example.

If you would like to know where to start, or if you'd like guidance along the way, feel free to reach out to me. 

What work experience can you get in computer science in year 12-13?

Factors are usually whole numbers (positive and negative) that, when multiplied by another factor, will give you the number in question.

The obvious ones are 16 and 1, because

16 x 1 = 16

What numbers are also divisible by 16? Well, it's an even number so it's obviously divisible by 2.

2 x ? = 16

The answer is 8, so that is also a factor.

So far we have 1, 2, 8 and 16.

16 / 3 would give us a fraction, so it isn't a factor.

16 / 4 = 4, which is a whole number, so 4 is also a factor.

The factors are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16. 

(P.S. Technically, the negative numbers of those factors are also factors of 16! So, -1, -2, -4, -8, and -16 are factors too.)


List all factors of 16

Hi Meriem,

I would recommend looking at the universities you'd like to apply to and reading more about their courses. Each course will have a description but more importantly a list of modules or subjects. The list of subjects will usually give you the best indication of what sorts of things you'll study!

If you have any more questions or need any more help, feel free to reach out. 

Applying for University

What course in university should I do? I’m thinking about finance and business sector but could I receive some sort of help on how to decide? ( I like the idea of business management, maths, finance, accounting)

The prize is $ x.

The first person (Alex) gets half of what the second person (Beatrice) gets.

Let's assume Alex gets $ P.

Beatrice gets double what Alex gets. So, Beatrice gets $ 2P.

The third person (Charlie) gets twice as much as the second person (Beatrice).

If Beatrice gets $ 2P, then Charlie gets $ 2P x 3 (which is equal to $ 6P).

Summary:

Alex: P
Beatrice: 2P
Charlie: 6P

x = P + 2P + 6P

x = 9P

So, in conclusion:

Alex gets one ninth of the prize. (x/9)

Beatrice gets two ninths of the prize. (2x/9)

Charlie gets six ninths of the prize. (6x/9 = 2x/3)

Three people win a prize of $x, if it is divided so that the first person gets half as much money as second person and the third person gets three times as much as the second person, how much will each receive?

The Brush tool is one of the main basic drawing tool. It works like a traditional brush, and you can apply the color using strokes. You can also download "brush packs" for free to apply patterns and imitate other textures!

If you'd like a tutorial on the best uses of the brush tool or any Photoshop lessons, let me know. 

What is the features of the brush tool in photoshop?

It's very difficult to measure environmental friendliness as that could cover a range of criteria. 

For example LCDs contain a bit of mercury, and their manufacture uses the potent greenhouse gas nitrogen trifluoride (NF3); plasma screens can contain lead.

However, LCDs consume much less energy than plasma TVs.

Which is more environmentally friendly: LCDs or plasma tvs?

If you go on ucas.com/undergraduate you'll find lots of helpful guides and tutorials on how to apply to university yourself! If you need help, just reach out to me as I've helped over a dozen students apply for university and write personal statements! 

How do you apply to university through UCAS independently?

Let's say you want to multiply 32 by 44.

First, split each of them into their tens and ones.

So, 

32 becomes 30 (A) and 2 (B). 
44 becomes 40 (C) and 4 (D).

Multiply each of the numbers in the top line with both of the numbers in the bottom line. Simplify by carrying the zeroes outside if you have any tens. 

So, 

A x C = 30 x 40 = 100(3 x 4) = 1200
A x D = 30 x 4 = 10(3 x 4) = 120

B x C = 2 x 40 = 10(2 x 4) = 80
B x D = 2 x 4 = 8

Add them together, 

1200 + 120 + 80 + 8 = 1408

Test it on a calculator 😁 



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