‘Orthodoxy’ is defined as adherence to a generally accepted theory or practice. In this context, the ‘economic orthodoxy... crumbling’ refers to status quo of economic policy/practice changing incrementally (slowly). In other words, a lot of people having a different economic outlook/way of thinking. An example of a change (/‘crumbling’) in ‘economic orthodoxy’ is evident historically with the rise of neo-liberalism (with the elections of Reagan and Thatcher), after the dominance Keynesianism post WWII (1945-1980).

English

With economic orthodoxy gradually crumbling, more people are starting to look past the..."  " " What's the meaning of word 'orthodox' in this context?

Yes points

- HRA 1998. Section 3 - for judges to interpret all UK law in line with the European Convention of human rights e.g Ghaidan v Godin Mendoza 
-Section 4 - allows for judiciary to make declaration of incompatibility if UK statute isn't in line with the ECHR e.g. Bellinger v Bellinger (resulting in the gender recognition act) and 
- Further separation of powers through constitutional reform act 2005, establishing separate Supreme Court (more ready to challenge Statutory disregard for HR?)
- Judicial Review for if state bodies act ultra vires (beyond conferred powers), using methods such as 'Wednesbury unreasonableness', 'procedural impropriety', 'illegality' and 'proportionality' e.g. Pham 2015 (prevention of suspected terrorist losing their 'right to rights') 
- common law protection of rights e.g. Entick v Carrington 
Changing concept of constitution allowing for greater protection of human rights e.g. Bi-polar sovereignty, Knight - sovereignty both resides with the crown in courts and the crown in Parliament.. empowerment of courts mean they are more equipped to protect rights? E.g. Legally constitutionalist perspective of Neuberger in R (Evans) v Attorney General "decisions of a court is binding... cannot be ignored... fundamental to the rule of law that decisions and actions of the executive are... reviewable by the court at the suit of an interested citizen"


No

- Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty central to U.K. Constitution (A.V. Dicey - introduction to the constitution)... Allowing Parliament to 'make or unmake any law' examples of Parliamentary sovereignty in law: Madzimbamuto v Lardner Burke, Thoburn v Sunderland city council, Pickin v British Railroad  
- Judiciary don't commonly make Declarations of incompatibility under s4 e.g. Nicklinson 2014
- Human Rights are more so protected via political accountability rather than constitutional arrangements, since Parliament wouldn't infringe explicitly on rights the electorate hold dear (Read Adam Tomkins on political accountability) 


Politics

Are our Human Rights inadequately protected by the UK’s constituitional arrangements?

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

English A-Level - A Doll's House Historical and Biographical Context. Ibsen

English A-Level - Ibsen's A Doll's House, Context.

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Nationalism 45 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Nationalism 45 Markers Essay Plans

History Notes – Causes of Conservative loss of 1906
Education Act 1902/ Lib-lab pact

History

History A-Level: Causes of Conservative loss of 1906

What were the Reasons for the Foundation of the Labour Party?
‘Social Democrat Federation,’ the ‘Fabians’ and the ‘Independent Labour Party.’ / James Keir Hardie/ Gladstone/ Karl Marx 

History A-Level: Reasons behind formation of the Labour Party 

Essay Plan - An Inspector Calls - English GCSE - Discussion, Thematic Question 

An Inspector Calls has sometimes been described as a little more than a sermon or 'morality lesson.' How far do you agree with this view?

Essay Plan - An Inspector Calls - English GCSE - Is the play simply a sermon or a 'morality lesson?'

English GCSE - Of Mice and Men Quote Bank (FULL). Categorised by theme, character and chapter.

English GCSE - Of Mice and Men Quote Bank (FULL)

History A-Level: Liberal welfare reforms between 1906-1911 FULL ESSAY
‘The Liberals introduced welfare reforms in the years 1906-1911 because they were afraid of the rise of Labour’ – Assess the validity of this view

History A-Level: Liberal welfare reforms between 1906-1911 FULL ESSAY

Shakespeare - Measure for Measure - Escalus, Lucio, Bernadine - 'Minor Characters'

Shakespeare - Measure for Measure - Escalus, Lucio, Bernadine

Powerpoint defining globalisation, outlining its features, advantages and disadvantages 

Economics

Economics - What is Globalisation?

English GCSE - The Woman In Black - Thematic grouping

English - The Woman in Black - Mini Quote Bank (Thematic) 

“Hide and Seek” by Vernon Scannell and “Death of a Naturalist” by Seamus Heaney - Thematic Comparison

English - GCSE Poetry - Hide and Seek compared with Death of a Naturalist

Economics A-Level. Macroeconomics. Explain three protectionist policies that a government could introduce to reduce a deficit on the current account of the balance of payments

Economics A-Level - Protectionism Short Answer Essay

Politics Edexcel - Liberalism Essay Plan - 'Liberal democracy is a contradiction in terms' Discuss

Politics - A-Level - Liberal Democracy Essay Plan 

Politics A-Level - Edexcel - Distinguishing between Presidentialism and UK prime minister - Essay Plan

Politics A-Level - Distinguishing between  Presidentialism and UK Primeministers

Politics A-level - Nationalism - Heywood Notes. Definitions and Themes

Politics A-level - Nationalism - Heywood Notes

Economics A-Level, Short Answer. Macroeconomics - Explain three possible reasons for the deterioration of the UK’s primary and secondary income balances. (15 marks)

Economics - A-Level - Primary and Secondary income (Current Account)

Government and Politics - Essay plan -  Does the government lose elections, or does the opposition win? Discuss 
-	Tony Blair 1997 - Labour Landslide 
-	Thatcher 1979-1990 and major 1990-1997
-	Coalition 2010-2015 

Government and Politics - Does government lose elections, or does the opposition win

Politics A-Level Short answer - How does the anarchist view of freedom differ from the liberal view of freedom?

Politics - A-Level - Anarchist and Liberal view of Freedom

Government and Politics Edexcel: Prime Ministers and Constitutional Reform
Attlee
Harold Macmillaan
Alec Douglas-Home
Harold Wilson
James Callaghan
Heath
Thatcher
Major
Tony Blair



Government and Politics Edexcel: Prime Ministers and Constitutional Reform

Politics Essay Question - To what extent is nationalism a single doctrine?

Politics A-Level - Nationalism Essay (Full)

Economics A-Level Answers. Exchange rates essay plan – UK should focus monetary policy on managing the e/r in order to improve macroeconomic performance

Economics - A-Level - Monetary Policy, Exchange Rates (Macroeconomics)

Holiday Pack - Maths GCSE - Practice Questions 

Maths

Holiday Pack - Maths GCSE - Practice Questions

Politics Edexcel - Feminism - Explain the main features of socialist feminism (15).

Politics A-Level - Feminism Short Answer Essay 2 - Edexcel

“Trilogues offer a good balance between efficiency of law-making and representation of voter interests. The ruling of De Capitani undermines this balance”. Discuss

EU Law - Democracy - Essay Plan

Economics A-Level - Macroeconomics Definitions

Politics A-Level Edexcel. Explain the link between feminism and liberalism (15)/ What is the difference between sex and gender and why is this important in feminist thought? [15]

Politics A-Level - Feminism Short Answer Essays - Edexcel

How successful was Lloyd George’s government in dealing with domestic problems in the years 1918-22

History A-Level: Lloyd George, Domestic problems between 1918-1922

English Essay Plan - Measure for Measure, 'It is possible for us to pity even as we condemn Angelo'

English - Measure for Measure - Angelo, Essay Plan

‘The Liberals introduced welfare reforms in the years 1906-1911 because they were afraid of the rise of Labour’ – Assess the validity of this view

History A-Level: Liberal welfare reforms between 1906-1911 Essay Plan

English A-Level: Rossetti and Ibsen Comparison (Views on gender, Marriage, Structure/ form) 

Ibsen's exploration of Gender and power (Essay - A Doll’s House)

‘Men may seem to be more powerful than women, but the reality is very different.’
In light of this view consider the ways Ibsen has explored power and gender in A Doll’s House


English A-Level: Rossetti and Ibsen Comparison/ Ibsen's exploration of Gender and power (Essay - A Doll’s House)

Public Law, Powers and procedures of delegated legislation Essay Plan 
2015: “The powers and procedures relating to the adoption and approval of delegated legislation are a constitutional outrage. Fundamental reform to ensure effective parliamentary and judicial oversight of delegated legislation is urgently required”. Discuss.

Public Law - Powers and procedures of delegated legislation Essay Plan

Microeconomics Course Notes - A-Level. AS and A2 notes included

Microeconomics Course Notes - A-Level 

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Multiculturalism 45 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Multiculturalism 45 Markers Essay Plans

List of A-Level Politics Past Paper Questions 

Edexcel Politics List of Past Paper Exam Questions

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Multiculturism 15 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Multiculturalism 15 Markers Essay Plans

With reference to the environment, evaluate the macroeconomic effects of the recent rise in oil prices 

Macroeconomics - Rise in Oil Prices - Essay Question Plan

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Nationalism 15 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Nationalism 15 Markers Essay Plans

Case Study: Background and Implications of the USA's trade war... Great for Economics A-Level Essays

Case Study: Economics - USA Trade War, Trump 

Ozymandias Percy Bysshe Shelley English GCSE homework activity 

English GCSE: Ozymandias Homework Activity 

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Anarchism 45 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Anarchism 45 Markers Essay Plans

Essay Question - Microeconomics A-Level. 'The Government Should Provide Public Goods' Discuss

Essay Question - Economics - Should the Government Provide Public Goods?  A-Level

Christina Rosetti Notes - Biographical Context

English - A-Level - Christina Rossetti Biographical Context

English A-Level: A Light in August Chapter summaries Chapters 4-19

English A-Level: A Light in August Chapter summaries

Edexcel Economics A-Level Exam Technique mini guide to long answer questions

Edexcel Paper Exam Technique

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Liberalism 15 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Liberalism 15 Markers Essay Plans

Struggling with you 'chains of reasoning' in your economics essays? Have a look at my examples

Exam Technique - Edexcel - Chains of Reasoning

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Socialism 15 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Socialism 15 Markers Essay Plans

Feminism 15 markers - Edexcel - Government and Politics 

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Feminism 45 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Feminism 45 Markers Essay Plans 

Macroeconomics - A Level - Course notes. AS and A2

Macroeconomics - A Level - Course notes

Economics - Examples of Negative and Positive Externalities in Consumption and Production - A-Level

Economics - Examples of Negative and Positive Externalities - A-Level

Government and Politics: To what extent are the two chambers of Congress equal in power and influence

USA - American Politics 

US Government: Congress, Executive and the judiciary. 
Is it clear that the Senate is more powerful than the House of Representatives?


Government and Politics: Two chambers of Congress power and influence

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Anarchism 15 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Anarchism 15 Markers Essay Plans

Essay plans - Legal v Political Constitutionalism/ Parliamentary Supremacy vs Constitutional Supremacy/ Devolution has transformed the UK from a unitary state to a quasi-federal one’

Public Law - Essay plans on Constitutionalism, Supremacy and Devolution

Notes on the background and timeline of Rwanda's Growth Due through Globalisation

Case Study - Economics - Rwanda Growth due through Globalisation

Government and Politics Edexcel: Electoral Systems Essay Plans
First Past the Post
Closed Party list/ Open Party List
STV
AMS (hybrid)
SV
Electoral Reform


Government and Politics Edexcel: Electoral Systems Essay Plans

Government and Politics Ideologies - A-Level Socialism 45 markers - Edexcel

Politics - Socialism 45 Markers Essay Plans

Government and Politics: A level - Elections (FPTP, Party list, AMS, electoral reform)

Majoritarian vs Proportional/ FPTP/ Jenkins Report/ Constituency borders (gerrymandering)/ STV/ AMS/ Electoral Reform/ Advantages and Disadvantages




Governement and Politics: A level - Elections (FPTP, Party list, AMS, electoral reform)

History A-Level: Crusaders - How significant were the military orders in the Successful establishment and survival of the fledgeling Crusader States?



History A-Level: Crusaders - How significant were the military orders in the Successful establishment and survival of the fledgling Crusader States?

Public Law general essay plans (Hobbes and Locke, Parliamentary Supremacy, Devolution and Kennedy v Charity Commission [2014])

Public Law general essay plans (Hobbes and Locke, Parliamentary Supremacy, Devolution)

Microeconomics culmination Long answer practice questions - AQA

Microeconomics AQA Practice questions

Public Law, Judicial Review. 2013: ‘It is often said that judicial review of administrative action concerns itself with how a decision was taken rather than the merits of the decision itself. That can no longer be said.’

Public Law: Judicial Review grounds essay plan

Government and Politics Edexcel: Ecologism notes
How have ecologists revised conventional ethical thought?/ Holism/ Religion/ Sustainability/ Environmental ethics/ Materialism and Consumerism/ Modernist ecology/ Social Ecology/ Eco-anarchism/ Ecofeminism / Eco-socialism/ Deep ecology and shallow ecology / Right-wing Ecology










Government and Politics Edexcel: Ecologism notes

Macroeconomics culmination of practice questions - AQA

Economics AQA - Macroeconomics Long Answer practice questions

‘The EU has developed from a common market into a full-fledged human rights organisation; this is a purpose for which it is not fit.’ Discuss. (2014)

EU Law - Fundamental Rights Essay 

“The main purpose of the EU is the management of interdependence. To do this appropriately, power needs to be in the hands of bureaucrats and experts”. Discuss  

EU Law - Democracy - Purpose of the EU

Maths GCSE: Simultaneous equations Questions and Answers

English A-Level: Measure for Measure - Duke Quote bank - Shakespeare 

English A-Level: Measure for Measure - Duke Quote bank

English A-Level: The Rise of the Gothic - Dr Barrie Saywood Lecture Notes 

Great for context and a general understanding of gothic literature!

English A-Level: The Rise of the Gothic

Government and Politics Edexcel: Separation of powers and House of Lords

Government and Politics Edexcel: Seperation of powers and the House of Lords

History A-Level: Ireland Overview 17th Century to 19th 
Catholicism/ Elizabeth/ James I/ Ulster/ Irish Potato Famine 

History A-Level: Ireland Overview 17th Century to 19th 

History A-Level: Ireland - 19th to 20th Century (Overview)
Daniel O’Connel/ Church of Ireland (protestant)/ Irish potato famine/ Captain Boycott/ carrot and the stick ideology/ Chale Stewart Parnell/ William Gladstone/ Conservatives / FENIANS/ terrorism/ SinnFein 

History A-Level: Ireland - 19th to 20th Century (Overview)

History A-Level: Liberalism 19/20th Century Notes
Liberalism was an ideological concept, at the root liberalism was about freedom. The Whigs were fierce defenders of freedom, freedom of government etc. For liberals the Holy Grail was freedom. 

History A-Level: Liberalism 19/20th Century Notes

History A-Level: To what extent was the holy lance responsible for the success of the first crusade?

The holy lance was instrumental in bringing about success in the First crusade, and of upmost significance when compared with other factors. Diminishing numbers, changing motivations of leaders and arduous journeying had begun to take a toll on the crusaders when they first approached the 450 towers of Antioch. Additionally, their belief in the favour of God fell dramatically after 8 months of besieging the city in the midst of hunger, disease and death. After finally entering the city, which lacked food, they heard news of a Kerbogha’s reinforcements approaching the city. And they’re morale hit a new low not even Adhemar of Le Puy, a close colleague of the Pope, could revive. It was the discovery of the lance that led them boldly to greet Kergboha’s forces that outnumbered them and reinvigorated the soldiers’ belief in the crusade. However, other factors such as Muslim weakness and sheer military leadership were the gears of the crusade; whilst avaricious impulses and religious piety were the oil that enhanced their performance.

History A-Level: To what extent was the holy lance responsible for the success of the first crusade?

Government and Politics: Democracy Essay Plans
(a) What are the main features of representative democracy?
(b) In what ways has political participation declined in the UK in recent years?

(c) Evaluate the effectiveness of the various ways in which participation and democracy could be strengthened in the UK. 
(a) Define liberal democracy.(5 marks)
(b) Explain the main features of the UK’s democratic system. (10 marks)
(c) To what extent is there a ‘democratic deficit’ in the UK?
(a) Define direct democracy
(b) Explain three forms of democratic participation. (I have put down more than 3 for a breadth of knowledge!)
(c) Assess the arguments in favour of the greater use of direct democracy in the UK.




Government and Politics: Democracy Essay Plans

Edexcel Government and Politics: To what extent is there a Separation of Powers in the UK 

What is the fusion of powers?/ Supreme Court of the UK Functions/ Executive and Legislature 


Government and Politics: To what extent is there a Separation of Powers in the UK (Fusion of Powers, Executive and Legislature)

Government and Politics Edexcel: Prime Minister: Powers/functions & extent the PM can control cabinet 
Powers/functions of the PM, To what extent can the PM control cabinet?, Factors that limit the control of the PM

Government and Politics Edexcel: Prime Minister: Powers/functions & extent the PM can control cabinet 

History A-Level: Development of The Labour Party 20th Century
Robert Owen/ Trade Unions/ 1890s Depression and its effects/ Capitalism Questioned – The ideas of Karl Marx (1818-83)/ The Emergence of the Labour Party in Britain

History A-Level: Development of The Labour Party 20th Century

Government and Politics: Conservatism - Main themes, Human imperfection and Strands

Themes: Individualism/  Organic society/ Human nature/ 	Order & Hierarchy/ Tradition/ Inequality/ Private property/ 	Pragmatism/ Imperfection

To what extent is Conservatism a philosophy of human imperfection? 

One Nation Conservatives/ New Right/ Neoliberalism/ Neo-Conservatism 

Government and Politics: Conservatism - Main themes, Human imperfection and Strands

History A-Level: Decline of the Liberal party between 1916 and 1929
‘ The Decline of the Liberal Party in the 1916 to 1929 was mainly due to WW1’
Asquith/ Arthur Henderson/ Lloyd George 

History A-Level: Decline of the Liberal party between 1916 and 1929

Economics A-Level, Globalisation. Explain the term ‘globalisation’ and the role that multinational companies play in the development of globalisation. (15 marks)/ To what extent, if at all, have the economic consequences of globalisation differed between developed and developing countries? (25 marks)

Economics A-Level - Globalisation Essay Answers

Edexcel Government and Politics: Supreme Court - Appointments process, key cases, and relevant points - American Politics

Appointment process of justices to the Supreme court/ Key Supreme Court cases/ Brief points on the Supreme Court 


Politics: Supreme Court - Appointments process, key cases, and relevant points - (US) American Politics

English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Themes
Class divide/ Capitalism/ Age/ Morality/ Gender

English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Themes

English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Character Breakdown Arthur Birling, Sybil Birling, Shiela Birling, Eric Birling, Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole, Eva Smith/Daisy Renton

NEW English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Character Breakdown

English GCSE: Manhunt, Simon Armitage, Poetry Analysis
Content/language/imagery/structure/conxtext
Poetry Anthology WJEC

English GCSE: Manhunt, Simon Armitage, Poetry Analysis

English GCSE: Literary Devices 

Alliteration, Connotation, Dialogue, Dialect, Figurative Language, Hyperbole, Oxymoron, Metaphor, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Simile etc.
 


English GCSE: Literary Devices 

Government and Politics Edexcel: Parties, pluralism, elections Essay Plan
Does government lose elections, or does the opposition win


Government and Politics Edexcel: Parties, pluralism, elections Essay plan

English A-Level (Gothic) - A Light in August, Faulkner - Joanna Burden Essay 
“Joanna Burden is a complex character; at times she fits gothic conventions regarding women, at others, she is used as a vehicle for challenging notions of gender” 

To what extent do you agree with this view?


English A-Level (Gothic) - A Light in August, Faulkner - Joanna Burden Essay 

Government and Politics: To what extent is the UK suffering from a democratic crisis?

-	Crown in Parliament
-	First Past the Post → low turnout / not proportionate 
-	Lack of devolution in England
-	Pressure Groups 
-	Uncodified constitution 
-	Free fair, elections 
-	Rights and freedoms 

Government and Politics: To what extent is the UK suffering from a democratic crisis?

How successful were the Liberal governments in the years 1906-14 in bringing about political, constitutional and social reform? Essay Plan
PENSIONS AND NATIONAL INSURANCE/ Asquith/ Campbell-Bannermann/ National insurance act/ Lloyd George/ National Insurance act/ Trade boards – 1909/ Education Act/ Provision of meals 1906/ Medical inspections (1907) 

History A-Level: Liberal government reform 1906-1914 MODEL ANSWER

History A-Level: Industrial Unrest 20th Century Britain

1.	Give the various reasons why there was a growth in industrial unrest (or militancy) in the years preceding world war one.
2.	In your own words, what was ‘syndicalism’ 
3.	Why were events in Tonypandy in 1910 significant and why and how did unrest escalate in 1912?
4.	What was the Triple Alliance? Why was it that, in spite of this alliance, the threat of a general strike did not come to anything?

History A-Level: Industrial Unrest 20th Century Britain

English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Character Breakdown
Arthur Birling, Sybil Birling, Shiela Birling, Eric Birling, Gerald Croft,  Inspector Goole, Eva Smith/Daisy Renton

English GCSE: An Inspector Calls Character Breakdown

History A-Level: David Lloyd George Notes

Huw Edwards/ 20th century Britain/ Asquith 

History A-Level: David Lloyd George Notes

English A-Level: Rossetti/ Ibsen Rough Comparison Brain storm
Themes: Gender/ Marriage/ Structure&form
Critics: Kathleen Burke/ Frances Thomas

English A-Level: Rossetti/ Ibsen Rough Comparison Brain storm

Essay - 'Multiculturalism Breeds Tension and Social Conflict' - Politics A-Level - Multiculturalism. 

Government and Politics - Edexcel - Ideologies

Essay - 'Multiculturalism Breeds Tension and Social Conflict' - Politics A-Level - Multiculturalism

History A-Level: The Conservative and Labour Governments, 1923-9

Economic Problems 1923-9/ Causes of Economic problems/ Labour, Liberal and Conservative number of seats

History A-Level: The Conservative and Labour Governments, 1923-9

Economics A-Level: Financial Markets Short Notes 

Difference between commercial and Investment banks/ Balance sheet/ 3 factors that can worsen a banks balance sheet/ Regulation of the financial system 

Micah Roberts

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Micah Roberts